How to Limit Movement of a Windows Games Sprite

Ensuring that an Animated Image Stays Within a Game's Boundaries

Oct 18, 2009

The right image improves the look and feel of any Windows based game. However, it is essential that any sprites remain in the correct games area, and don't wander off

One of the most important things about creating an animation (for instance in an on-line game) is not how to start an animation but how to stop it. Take, for example, some simple code that uses some object oriented programming to move an image across the screen of an Internet Explorer web browser:

'Create a class for the image to be animated

Class vbAlien

Private Sprite

'Use the Initialize subroutine to set up the class

Private Sub Class_Initialize

Set Sprite = document.createElement("img")

Sprite.src = "alien.png"

Sprite.style.position = "absolute"

document.body.appendChild(Sprite)

background.style.top = 5

background.style.left = 5

Sprite.style.top = 5

Sprite.style.left = 5

End Sub

'Identify the next x coordinate for the image

Private Function next_left

' Remove the "px" string from the left property

Dim current_left: current = replace(Sprite.style.left,"px","")

left = cint(current) + 1

End Function

'Move the game sprite

Public Sub move_x

Sprite.style.left = next_left

End Sub

End Class

'Create anew object from the class defined above

Dim alien1: Set alien1 = new vbAlien

'Create the animation by creating a subroutine that will move the image

'and then resubmit itself (after 10 milliseconds)

Sub do_animation

alien1.move_x

setTimeout "do_animation" , 10, "vbscript"

End Sub

'Start the animation running

do_animation

</script>

If this code is saved into a .html file (for example "animation.html") and viewed in Internet Explorer then an image ("alien.png" as shown in figure 1 at the bottom of this article) will be seen to move from left to right across the screen. However, there is a problem. The image does not stop moving. It will move across the background image and off the right side of the screen. The progress of the image's journey can then be mapped by the increasing size of the scroll bar at the bottom of the screen.

Limiting the Movement of a Game Sprite

Obviously the movement of the game sprite must be limited to the games area. The programmer could do this by hard coding the dimensions of the games area into the application, or a neater way to do it is to to ensure that a sprite can only move within the bounds set by the background image.

Limiting the Movement of a Game Sprite to the Bounds of a Background Image

The properties of the background image can be used to limit the extend to which the foreground image can travel. This "maximum x" value can be calculated from:

Private Function max_left

Dim bg_left: bg_left = replace(background.style.left,"px","")

max_left = cint(bg_left) + background.width - Sprite.width

End Function

The programmer can now modify the"move_x" subroutine, using the function above to provide the limit of the image's movement to the right:

Public Sub move_x

If (next_left <= max_left) Then

Sprite.style.left = next_left

End If

End Sub

If the web page is reloaded at this point then the image of the alien will be seen to move across screen, from left right, and then to stop at the edge of the background image (as shown if figure 2). The programmer can then move on to create similar functionality for movement down the y axis.

The copyright of the article How to Limit Movement of a Windows Games Sprite in Windows Programming is owned by Mark Alexander Bain. Permission to republish How to Limit Movement of a Windows Games Sprite in print or online must be granted by the author in writing.